[능동과 수동:Active & Passive form]
능동(Active)과 수동(Passive)은 주체가 스스로 행동하는지, 아니면 외부 힘에 의해 움직이는지에 따라 구분되는 개념입니다. 스스로 행동하면 능동이고, 남의 힘에 의해 움직이면 수동입니다. (능동: 내가 행하는 것. 수동: 행함을 당하는 것).
(Active and passive form are concepts that distinguish between whether a subject acts on their own or is moved by an external force. If they act on their own, they are active; if they are moved by someone else, they are passive. (Active: I am doing something on my own; Passive: I am being acted upon by someone or something.)
1. 시제(tense)의 관점에서 수동은 크게 네가지로 구분됩니다.
(From a point of view of the tense, the passive is broadly divided into four types.)
• 일반수동: be동사 + p.p
• 현재완료 수동: have(has)+ p.p
• 과거완료 수동: had + p.p
• 진행형 수동:be being + p.p
*참고(Note): 용어설명(Terminology Explanation)
• 일반수동: Basic(Ordinary) Passive.
• 현재완료 수동: Present Perfect(p.p) Passive.
• 현재완료 진행형: Present Perfect Progress Form.
• 과거완료 수동: Past Perfect(p.p) Passive.
• 과거완료 진행형: Past Perfect Progress Form.
• 미래완료: Future Perfect.
중등 교육만 받았으면 여기까지는 모두 알고 계실거라 보고, 여기서 가끔 생활 영어에서 자주 사용되는 수동구문 2개가 있어 설명합니다.
(If you only received middle school English education, you should already know this much. Here, I'll explain two passive sentences that are frequently used in everyday life English.)
One is * [tell(말하다) → be told(듣다)],
The other is * [teach(가르치다) → be taught(배우다)]
• I was told that he was rich.
= I heard that he was rich.(난 그가 부자라고 들었다.)
• I was told that I was being slated for promotion. 나는 (내가) 승진 추천을 받았다는 말을 들었다. *was being slated: 과거진행수동.
*be slated to(for) + V(N), = be scheduled to(for) + V(N) = be due to+ V(N):~할 예정이다. *due to + N = because of:~때문에(thanks to +V)
• I was told to stay behind after school. (나는 방과 후에 (집에 가지 말고) 남으라는 지시를 들었다.)
• Students cannot be sure that they'll be taught by a good teacher when they go to a hagwon(=private educational Institute) . (학생들은 학원에 다닐 때는, 반드시 좋은 교사의 가르침을 받게 될 거라는 보장이 없다.)
• If you wish to be taught by professional dancers from the hip-hop industry, I recommend you visit The Dance located in Apkujung in Seoul. (만일 여러분이 힙합 댄스 분문 전문가들에게 가르침을 받고 싶다면, 여러분이 서울 압구정동에 있는 “The Dance” 방문해보라고 추천하겠다.)
- I wish you Good (the Best of) Luck, I will keep my fingers crossed. --
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