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2014³â ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª(BÇü) 30¹ø Á¤´ä ¹× Çؼ³ - ¼Õ¹ü½Ä
 
30. Fourier¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº?
 
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician and physicist. When he was eight years old, his father died, and less than a year after this tragedy, his mother passed away, leaving him an orphan. A charitable lady helped him attend a local military school. He wanted to become an officer but was not allowed to because he was the son of a tailor. In 1795, he became a teacher at the Ecole Normale in Paris. During the post-Revolution frenzy, he spoke out against the use of the guillotine, for which he almost lost his life. When Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798, Fourier and other scholars accompanied the expedition. Having returned to France, Fourier began his research on heat conduction. His mathematical theory of heat conduction earned him lasting fame. During his stay in Egypt he contracted a strange illness that confined him to well-heated rooms for the rest of his life. On May 16, 1830, Fourier died in Paris. *guillotine: ´ÜµÎ´ë
 
¨ç ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ ¿´´Ù.
¨è Àç´Ü»çÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î Àå±³°¡ µÇÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
¨é ´ÜµÎ´ë »ç¿ë¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Ù°¡ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀÒÀ» »· Çß´Ù.
¨ê ¿­Àüµµ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼öÇÐÀÌ·ÐÀ¸·Î ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù .
¨ë ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡¼­ ÇÁ¶û½º·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Â ÈÄ ÀÌ»óÇÑ º´¿¡ °É·È´Ù.
 
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
During his stay in Egypt he contracted a strange illness ~¿¡¼­ ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ÀÌ»óÇÑ º´¿¡ °É¸° °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç ·Î ¨ë°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½.
 
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician and physicist. When he was eight years old, his father died, and less than a year after this tragedy, his mother passed away, leaving him an orphan.]   ¡Ømathematician:¼öÇÐÀÚ ¡Øphysicist:¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ ¡Øless than: ~º¸´Ù ÀûÀº ¡ê more than:~º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº(over) ¡Øtragedy:ºñ±Ø(¡êcomedy) ¡Øpassed away:Á×´Ù    ¢ÑJean Baptiste Joseph Fourier´Â ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ¿´´Ù. ±×°¡ ¿©´ü »ì¶§ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ »ç¸ÁÇß°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºñ±ØÀÌ ÀÖÀº Áö ÀÏ ³âµµ ¾È µÇ¾î ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡½Ã¸ç ±×¸¦ °í¾Æ·Î ³²°Ü ³õ¾Ò´Ù.
 
¨è [A charitable lady helped him attend a local military school. He wanted to become an officer but was not allowed to (attend a local military school) because he was the son of a tailor.]     ¡Øcharitable:ÀÚºñ·Î¿î ¡Øhelp + ¸ñÀû¾î + µ¿»ç¿øÇü(toºÎÁ¤»ç) ¡Øa local military school:Áö¿ª ±º»çÇб³  ¡Øwas not allowed to~:~Çϵµ·Ï Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¡Øson of a tailor:Àç´Ü»çÀÇ ¾Æµé(tailor:Àç´Ü»ç)    ¢ÑÇÑ ÀÚºñ·Î¿î ¿©ÀÎÀº ±×°¡ Áö¿ªÀÇ ±º»çÇб³¿¡ ´Ù´Ï´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Àå±³°¡ µÇ°í ½Í¾úÁö¸¸ ±×°¡ Àç´Ü»çÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
 
¨é [In 1795, he became a teacher at the Ecole Normale in Paris. During the post-Revolution frenzy, he spoke out against the use of the guillotine, for which he almost lost his life.]   ¡ØDuring the post-Revolution frenzy:Çõ¸í ÈÄ ±¤¶õÀÇ ±â°£ µ¿¾È(post-:~ÈÄ, frenzy:°Ý¾Ó, ±¤¶õ)  ¡Øspeak out against~:~¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÑ´Ù´Â Àǻ縦 ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øthe use of the guillotine:´ÜµÎ´ëÀÇ »ç¿ë ¡Øguillotine[giləti¢°n]:´ÜµÎ´ë  ¡Øfor which he almost lost his life:±×°Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀÒÀ» »·Çß´Ù.  ¡Ø,for which:±×°Í ¶§¹®¿¡(which´Â ¾Õ ¹®ÀåÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖÀ½)     ¢Ñ1975³â ±×´Â Æĸ® Eole NormaleÀÇ ±³»ç°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çõ¸í ÈÄ ±¤¶õÀÇ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ±×´Â ´ÜµÎ´ëÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÇ°ßÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¹àÇû´Âµ¥, ±×°Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀÒÀ» »·ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
 
¨ê [When Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798, Fourier and other scholars accompanied the expedition.]   ¡Øinvade:ħÀÔÇÏ´Ù, ħ¹üÇÏ´Ù.¡æ¨Úinvasion ¡Øaccompany:µ¿¹ÝÇÏ´Ù, ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øexpedition:¿øÁ¤, ŽÇè    ¢Ñ³ªÆú·¹¿ËÀÌ 1798³â ÀÌÁýÆ®¸¦ ħ°øÇßÀ» ¶§, Fourier¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±× ¿øÁ¤¿¡ ÇÔ²²Çß´Ù.
 
¨ë [Having returned to France, Fourier began his research on heat conduction. His mathematical theory of heat conduction earned him lasting fame.]    ¡ØHaving returned to France~:(¿Ï·áºÐ»ç±¸¹®) ÇÁ¶û½º·Î µ¹¾Æ ¿ÔÀ»¶§(=After he had returned to France) ¡Øheat conduction:¿­Àüµµ  ¡ØHis mathematical theory of heat conduction:¿­Àüµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀû ÀÌ·Ð ¡Øearned him lasting fame:±×¿¡°Ô Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò°Ô Çß´Ù. ¡Øearn fame:¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò´Ù. ¡Ølasting:Áö¼ÓÀûÀΠ    ¢ÑÇÁ¶û½º¿¡ µ¹¾Æ¿ÔÀ» ¶§ Fourier´Â ¿­Àüµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¿­Àüµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀû ÀÌ·ÐÀº ±×°¡ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
 
¨ì [During his stay in Egypt he contracted a strange illness that confined him to well-heated rooms for the rest of his life. On May 16, 1830, Fourier died in Paris.]    ¡ØDuring his stay:±×°¡ ¸Ó¹«´Â µ¿¾È  ¡Øhe contracted a strange illness:±×´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ º´¿¡ °É·È´Ù. ¡Øcontract:(º´¿¡)°É¸®´Ù. °è¾àÇÏ´Ù. °è¾à. ¡Øthat:ÁÖ°Ý°ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î a strange illness¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ¹Þ°í ÀÖÀ½ ¡Øconfine:°¨±ÝÇÏ´Ù. Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Ù. cf)refine:Á¤Á¦ÇÏ´Ù. ´Ùµë´Ù. define:Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øfor the rest of his life:±×ÀÇ ³²Àº ¿©»ýµ¿¾È      ¢ÑÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡ ¸Ó¹«´Â µ¿¾È ±×´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ Áúº´¿¡ °É·Á¼­ ±× º´ ¶§¹®¿¡ ³²Àº »ý¾Öµ¿¾È ³­¹æÀÌ ÀßµÈ ¹æ ¾È¿¡ °¤Çô »ì¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. 1830³â 5¿ù 16ÀÏ Fourier´Â Æĸ®¿¡¼­ »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù.
 
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*mathematician:¼öÇÐÀÚ *physicist:¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ *tragedy:ºñ±Ø *pass away:µ¹¾Æ°¡½Ã´Ù, »ç¸ÁÇÏ´Ù *orphan:°í¾Æ *charitable:ÀÚºñ·Î¿î *tailor:Àç´Ü»ç *frenzy:±¤¶õ, ¹ßÀÛ *invade:ħ°øÇÏ´Ù *accompany :µ¿¹ÝÇÏ´Ù *expedition:¿øÁ¤, ŽÇè *heat conduction:¿­Àüµµ *contract:(º´¿¡) °É¸®´Ù *confine:°¡µÎ´Ù, °¨±ÝÇÏ´Ù
 
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier´Â ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ¿´´Ù. ±×°¡ ¿©´ü »ì¶§ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ »ç¸ÁÇß°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºñ±ØÀÌ ÀÖÀº Áö ÀÏ ³âµµ ¾È µÇ¾î ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡½Ã¸ç ±×¸¦ °í¾Æ·Î ³²°Ü ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ÇÑ ÀÚºñ·Î¿î ¿©ÀÎÀº ±×°¡ Áö¿ªÀÇ ±º»çÇб³¿¡ ´Ù´Ï´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Àå±³°¡ µÇ°í ½Í¾úÁö¸¸ ±×°¡ Àç´Ü»çÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 1975³â ±×´Â Æĸ® Eole NormaleÀÇ ±³»ç°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çõ¸í ÈÄ ±¤¶õÀÇ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ±×´Â ´ÜµÎ´ëÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÇ°ßÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¹àÇû´Âµ¥, ±×°Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀÒÀ» »·ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ªÆú·¹¿ËÀÌ 1798³â ÀÌÁýÆ®¸¦ ħ°øÇßÀ» ¶§, Fourier¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±× ¿øÁ¤¿¡ ÇÔ²²Çß´Ù. ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡ µ¹¾Æ¿ÔÀ» ¶§ Fourier´Â ¿­Àüµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¿­Àüµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀû ÀÌ·ÐÀº ±×°¡ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡ ¸Ó¹«´Â µ¿¾È ±×´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ Áúº´¿¡ °É·Á¼­ ±× º´ ¶§¹®¿¡ ³²Àº »ý¾Öµ¿¾È ³­¹æÀÌ ÀßµÈ ¹æ ¾È¿¡ °¤Çô »ì¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. 1830³â 5¿ù 16ÀÏ Fourier´Â Æĸ®¿¡¼­ »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù.
 
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