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  µ¿½ÃÁ¢¼ÓÀÚ:     0133
 
ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 13/11/28
2014 ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª(BÇü) 28¹ø Çؼ³
 ±Û¾´ÀÌ : songgok
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   2014(B)-28.hwp (51.0K)


2014³â ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª(BÇü) 28¹ø Á¤´ä ¹× Çؼ³ - ¼Õ¹ü½Ä
 
28. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? [3Á¡.]
 
When people started to plant stored seed stock deliberately, they also began protecting their plants. This changed the evolutionary ¨ç pressure that these food plants experienced, as they no longer had to survive in a natural environment. Instead, people created a new environment for them, and selected for other characteristics than nature previously had. Seeds recovered at archaeological sites clearly show that farmers selected for larger seeds and ¨è thinner seed coats. Thick seed coats are often ¨é essential for seeds to survive in a natural environment because the seeds of many wild plants remain dormant for months until winter is over and rain sets in. But under human management thick seed coats are unnecessary, as farmers ¨êevade responsibility for storing seeds away from moisture and predators. In fact, seeds with thinner coats were ¨ë preferred as they are easier to eat or process into flour, and they allow seedlings to sprout more quickly when sown.
 
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
¾ß»ý »óÅ¿ʹ ´Þ¸® Àΰ£ÀÇ °ü¸® ÇÏ¿¡¼­ µÎ²¨¿î ¾¾¾Ñ ²®ÁúÀº ºÒÇÊ¿äÇѵ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ³óºÎµéÀÌ ¼öºÐ°ú Æ÷½ÄÀڷκÎÅÍ ¾¾¾ÑÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ¿© ÀúÀåÇϴ åÀÓÀ» ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨êÀÇ evade(ÇÇÇÏ´Ù)¸¦ ¡®³Ñ°Ü¹Þ´Ù¡¯´Â Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ take over·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¾ß ÇÔ.
 
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [When people started to plant stored seed stock deliberately, they also began protecting their plants. This changed the evolutionary pressure (that) these food plants experienced, as they no longer had to survive in a natural environment.]     ¡Østored seed stock:ÀúÀåµÈ ¾¾¾Ñ Á¾ÀÚ(store:ÀúÀåÇÏ´Ù.) ¡Ø deliberately:ÀϺη¯, ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î(=on purpose, by intention, intentionally)  ¡Øthe evolutionary pressure:ÁøÈ­ÀûÀÎ ¾Ð¹Ú(evolution:ÁøÈ­, evolve:ÁøÈ­ÇÏ´Ù, evolutionary:ÁøÈ­ÀÇ, ÁøÈ­ÀûÀÎ) ¡Øthe evolutionary pressure (that) these food plants experienced:ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ä¿ë½Ä¹°ÀÌ °æÇèÇÑ ÁøÈ­Àû ¾Ð¹Ú(that:¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç, food plant:½Ä¿ë½Ä¹°)  ¡Øas they no longer had to survive in a natural environment:±×µéÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ ³²¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁ³±â ¶§¹®¿¡  ¡Øno longer: ´õ ÀÌ»ó ~ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.(not any ~longer)  ¡Øno longer had to~:~ÇÒ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.(didn't have to, needed not)  ¡Ønatural environment:ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æ       ¢Ñ»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀúÀåµÈ ¾¾¾Ñ Á¾ÀÚ¸¦ ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ½É±â ½ÃÀÛÇßÀ» ¶§ ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ½Ä¹°À» º¸È£Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌµé ½Ä¿ë½Ä¹°ÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ ³²¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁö¸é¼­ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ °æÇèÇÑ ÁøÈ­Àû ¾Ð¹ÚÀ» º¯È­½ÃÄ×´Ù.
 
¨è [Instead, people created a new environment for them, and selected for other characteristics than nature previously had (selected).] ¡Øthem=food plant ¡Øcharacteristic:Ư¡, Ư¼º  ¡Øthan nature previously had (selected):ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¼±ÅÃÇß´ø °Í º¸´Ù. ¡Øselected for:~À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Ù.      ¢Ñ´ë½Å¿¡, »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍµéÀ» À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ȯ°æÀ» âÁ¶Çß°í, ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ Ư¡µéÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù.
 
¨é [Seeds (which were) recovered at archaeological sites clearly show that farmers selected for larger seeds and thinner seed coats.]      ¡ØSeeds (which were) recovered at archaeological sites:°í°íÇÐÀû ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ¹ß±¼µÈ ¾¾¾Ñµé(ÁÖ¾î) ¡Ørecover:¹ß°ßÇÏ´Ù. ã¾Æ³»´Ù, ȸº¹ÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øat archaeological sites:°í°íÇÐÀû ÇöÀå¿¡¼­(archaeological [ɑ̀¢°rkiəlɑ́dʒikəl]:°í°íÇÐÀÇ)  ¡Ølarger seeds and thinner seed coats:´õ Å« ¾¾¾Ñ°ú ´õ ¾ãÀº ²®Áú     ¢Ñ°í°íÇÐÀû ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ¹ß±¼µÈ ¾¾¾ÑµéÀº ³óºÎµéÀÌ ´õ Å« ¾¾¾Ñ°ú ´õ ¾ãÀº ²®ÁúÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í¹éÈ÷ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
 
¨ê [Thick seed coats are often ¨é essential for seeds to survive in a natural environment because the seeds of many wild plants remain dormant for months until winter is over and rain sets in.]    ¡ØThick seed coats:µÎ²¨¿î ²®Áú(Ãþ)   ¡Øto survive in a natural environment:ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æ¿¡¼­ »ýÁ¸ÇϱâÀ§ÇØ  ¡Øthe seeds of many wild plants:¸¹Àº ¾ß»ý ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ¾¾¾Ñ ¡Øremain dormant:ÈÞ¸é»óÅ·Π³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù.(dormant:ÀáÀÚ´Â, µ¿¸éÀÇ, dormancy:ÈÞ¸é, Àẹ)   ¡Øuntil winter is over and rain sets in:°Ü¿ïÀÌ ³¡³ª°í ºñ°¡ ¿À±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§±îÁö(set in:½ÃÀ۵ǴÙ)     ¢ÑµÎ²¨¿î ²®ÁúÀº ÈçÈ÷ ¾¾¾ÑÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æ¿¡¼­ »ýÁ¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇʼöÀûÀε¥ (±×°ÍÀº) ¸¹Àº ¾ß»ý ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ¾¾¾ÑÀÌ °Ü¿ïÀÌ ³¡³ª°í ºñ°¡ ¿À±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ¿©·¯ ´ÞÀ» ÈÞ¸é »óÅ·Π³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
 
¨ë [But under human management thick seed coats are unnecessary, as farmers ¨êevade responsibility for storing seeds away from moisture and predators.]    ¡Øunder human management:Àΰ£ÀÇ °ü¸® ÇÏ¿¡¼­  ¡Øthick seed coats:µÎ²¨¿î ¾¾¾Ñ ²®Áú ¡Øevade:ÇÇÇÏ´Ù. ¹þ¾î³ª´Ù.¡çÀÌ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ evade(ÇÇÇÏ´Ù)º¸´Ù´Â take over(³Ñ°Ü¹Þ´Ù)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÔ  ¡Øresponsibility for storing seeds:¾¾¾ÑÀ» ÀúÀåÇϴ åÀÓ  ¡Øaway from moisture and predators:¼öºÐ°ú Æ÷½ÄÀڷκÎÅÍ ¡Ømoisture:½À±â, ¼öºÐ, ¡Øpredator:¾àÅ»ÀÚ, Æ÷½ÄÀÚ     ¢ÑÇÏÁö¸¸ Àΰ£ÀÇ °ü¸® ÇÏ¿¡¼­ µÎ²¨¿î ¾¾¾Ñ ²®ÁúÀº ºÒÇÊ¿äÇѵ¥, (±×°ÍÀº) ³óºÎµéÀÌ ¼öºÐ°ú Æ÷½ÄÀڷκÎÅÍ ¾¾¾ÑÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ¿© ÀúÀåÇϴ åÀÓÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ(¡æ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ±â) ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
 
¨ì [In fact, seeds with thinner coats were ¨ë preferred as they are easier to eat or process into flour, and they allow seedlings to sprout more quickly when (they are) sown.]    ¡Øseeds with thinner coats:´õ ¾ãÀº ²®ÁúÀ» °¡Áø ¾¾¾Ñ  ¡Øwere preferred:¼±È£µÇ´Ù. ¡Øas they are easier to eat or process into flour:¸Ô°Å³ª °¡·ç·Î °¡°øÇϱ⿡ ´õ ½±±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¡Øas:~ ¶§¹®¿¡  ¡Øeat ¿Í process´Â º´·Ä°ü°è ¡Øseedlings:¹¦¸ñ ¡Øsprout:¹ß¾ÆÇÏ´Ù, ½ÏÀÌ Æ®´Ù. ¡Øwhen (they are) sown:±×°Íµé(¹¦¸ñ)ÀÌ ÆÄÁ¾ µÇ¾úÀ»¶§(sow:ÆÄÁ¾ÇÏ´Ù, ¾¾¸¦ »Ñ¸®´Ù. sow - sowed - sown)     ¢Ñ»ç½Ç, ´õ ¾ãÀº ²®ÁúÀ» °¡Áø ¾¾¾ÑÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸Ô°Å³ª °¡·ç·Î °¡°øÇϱⰡ ´õ ¼ö¿ùÇÏ°í ÆÄÁ¾µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¹¦¸ñÀÌ ´õ ºü¸£°Ô ¹ß¾ÆÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¼±È£µÇ¾ú´Ù.
 
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*seed stock:¾¾¾Ñ Á¾ÀÚ *deliberately:ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀϺη¯(=on purpose, by intention, intentional. cf)by chance, by accident, accidentally: ¿ì¿¬È÷) archaeological °í°íÇÐÀÇ dormant ÈÞÁö±âÀÇ set in ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ٠seedling ¹¦¸ñ, ¸ðÁ¾ sprout ¹ß¾ÆÇÏ´Ù, ¹ßÀ°ÇÏ´Ù
 
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀúÀåµÈ ¾¾¾Ñ Á¾ÀÚ¸¦ ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ½É±â ½ÃÀÛÇßÀ» ¶§ ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ½Ä¹°À» º¸È£Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌµé ½Ä¿ë½Ä¹°ÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ ³²¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁö¸é¼­ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ °æÇèÇÑ ÁøÈ­Àû ¾Ð¹ÚÀ» º¯È­½ÃÄ×´Ù. ´ë½Å¿¡, »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍµéÀ» À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ȯ°æÀ» âÁ¶Çß°í, ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ Ư¡µéÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. °í°íÇÐÀû ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ¹ß±¼µÈ ¾¾¾ÑµéÀº ³óºÎµéÀÌ ´õ Å« ¾¾¾Ñ°ú ´õ ¾ãÀº ²®ÁúÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í¹éÈ÷ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. µÎ²¨¿î ²®ÁúÀº ÈçÈ÷ ¾¾¾ÑÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æ¿¡¼­ »ýÁ¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇʼöÀûÀε¥ (±×°ÍÀº) ¸¹Àº ¾ß»ý ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ¾¾¾ÑÀÌ °Ü¿ïÀÌ ³¡³ª°í ºñ°¡ ¿À±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ¿©·¯ ´ÞÀ» ÈÞ¸é »óÅ·Π³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Àΰ£ÀÇ °ü¸® ÇÏ¿¡¼­ µÎ²¨¿î ¾¾¾Ñ ²®ÁúÀº ºÒÇÊ¿äÇѵ¥, (±×°ÍÀº) ³óºÎµéÀÌ ¼öºÐ°ú Æ÷½ÄÀڷκÎÅÍ ¾¾¾ÑÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ¿© ÀúÀåÇϴ åÀÓÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ(¡æ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ±â) ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç, ´õ ¾ãÀº ²®ÁúÀ» °¡Áø ¾¾¾ÑÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸Ô°Å³ª °¡·ç·Î °¡°øÇϱⰡ ´õ ¼ö¿ùÇÏ°í ÆÄÁ¾µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¹¦¸ñÀÌ ´õ ºü¸£°Ô ¹ß¾ÆÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¼±È£µÇ¾ú´Ù.
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