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ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 12/11/13
2013Çг⵵ ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 38¹ø Çؼ³
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2013³â ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 38¹ø Á¤´ä ¹× Çؼ³ - ¼Û°î´åÄÄ(songgok.com)
 
38. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À.
 
Scientists should be careful to reduce bias in their experiments. A bias occurs when what the scientist expects changes how the results are viewed. This expectation might cause a scientist to select a result from one trial over those from other trials. Scientists can lessen bias by running as many trials as possible and by keeping accurate notes of each observation made. Valid experiments also must have data that are measurable. This allows others to compare the results to data they obtain from a similar experiment. Most importantly, the experiment must be repeatable. Findings are supportable when other scientists perform the same experiment and get the same results.
 
¨ç necessary conditions of repeatable experiments
¨è importance of identifying bias in scientific research
¨é requirements for objective scientific experiments
¨ê guidelines for collecting measurable data in experiments
¨ë effective strategies for keeping accurate notes on data
 
 
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
½ÇÇè °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °´°üÀûÀÎ Çؼ®, ¹Ýº¹µÈ ½ÇÇè °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÑ ±â·Ï, ÃøÁ¤ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÚ·á, ½ÇÇèÀÇ ¹Ýº¹ °¡´É¼º µî °´°üÀûÀÎ °úÇÐ ½ÇÇèÀÌ µÇ±â À§ÇØ °®Ãß¾î¾ß ÇÒ Á¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾´ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨é ¡®°´°üÀûÀÎ °úÇÐÀû ½ÇÇè¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿ä±¸ Á¶°Ç¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¡æ¨ç ¹Ýº¹ °¡´ÉÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä Á¶°Ç ¨è °úÇבּ¸¿¡¼­ Æí°ßÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ Á߿伺 ¨ê ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ ÃøÁ¤ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀڷḦ ¼öÁýÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¾È³» Áöħ ¨ë ÀڷḦ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ±â·ÏÇϱâ À§ÇÑ È¿°úÀûÀÎ Àü·«
 
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [Scientists should be careful to reduce bias in their experiments. A bias occurs when what the scientist expects changes how the results are viewed.]    ¡Øwhat the scientist expects: °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ±â´ëÇÏ´Â °Í ¡Øhow the results are viewed: °á°ú°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô º¸¿©Áö´Â(°á°ú¸¦ º¸´Â ¹æ½Ä)    ¢Ñ°úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ Æí°ßÀ» ÁÙÀ̵µ·Ï Á¶½ÉÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Æí°ßÀº °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ±â´ë°¡ ±×µéÀÌ °á°ú¸¦ º¸´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¶§ »ý°Ü³­´Ù.
 
¨è [This expectation might cause a scientist to select a result from one trial over those from other trials.]    ¡Øcause +¸ñÀû¾î+to: ~·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ~ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù  ¡Øa result from one trial  over those from other trials: ´Ù¸¥ ½ÇÇèµé¿¡¼­ ¾ò¾îÁø °á°úµéº¸´Ù ÇÑ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ ¾ò¾îÁø °á°ú  ¡Øthose = results    ¢ÑÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ë ¶§¹®¿¡ °úÇÐÀÚ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ½ÇÇèµéº¸´Ù ÇÑ °¡Áö ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ ¾òÀº °á°ú¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
 
¨é [Scientists can lessen bias by running as many trials as possible and by keeping accurate notes of each observation (which was) made.] ¡Øby ~ing: ~ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á  ¡Øas ~ as possible: °¡´ÉÇÑ ~ÇÏ°Ô ¡Ø run a trial: ½ÃµµÇÏ´Ù ¡Ø keep notes of ~À» ±â·ÏÇÏ´Ù  ¡Øby running°ú by keepingÀº º´·Ä°ü°è   ¢Ñ°úÇÐÀÚµéÀº °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸¹Àº ½ÇÇèÀ» ÇÏ°í, °üÂûÇÑ °ÍÀ» Á¤È®È÷ ±â·ÏÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Æí°ßÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
 
¨ê [Valid experiments also must have data that are measurable. This allows others to compare the results to data (that) they obtain from a similar experiment. ]    ¡Øcompare ¨Í to ¨Î: ¨Í¸¦ ¨Î¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ´Ù   ¢ÑŸ´çÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀڷḦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±× °á°úµéÀ» À¯»çÇÑ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ ¾ò´Â ÀÚ·á¿Í ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
 
¨ë [Most importantly, the experiment must be repeatable. Findings are supportable when other scientists perform the same experiment and get the same results. ]   ¡ØFindings: ¹ß°ß(¿¬±¸°á°ú) ¡Øperform °ú getÀº º´·Ä°ü°è    ¢Ñ°¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº, ½ÇÇèÀ» ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀ» Çؼ­ °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¶§¿¡¸¸ ÁöÁö¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
 
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*reduce ÁÙÀÌ´Ù =lessen =diminish *bias Æí°ß, ÇÑÂÊÀ¸·Î ±â¿ï´Ù * cause +¸ñÀû¾î+to ~·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ~ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù *requirement ÇÊ¿äÁ¶°Ç, ¿ä±¸Á¶°Ç *keep notes of ~À» ±â·ÏÇÏ´Ù *observation °üÂû *measurable ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â *repeatable ¹Ýº¹µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â *identify È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù, µ¿ÀϽÃÇÏ´Ù *objective °´°üÀûÀÎ *strategy Àü·«, Ã¥·«
 
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
°úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ Æí°ßÀ» ÁÙÀ̵µ·Ï Á¶½ÉÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Æí°ßÀº °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ±â´ë°¡ ±×µéÀÌ °á°ú¸¦ º¸´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¶§ »ý°Ü³­´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ë ¶§¹®¿¡ °úÇÐÀÚ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ½ÇÇèµéº¸´Ù ÇÑ °¡Áö ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ ¾òÀº °á°ú¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸¹Àº ½ÇÇèÀ» ÇÏ°í, °üÂûÇÑ °ÍÀ» Á¤È®È÷ ±â·ÏÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Æí°ßÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ÿ´çÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀڷḦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±× °á°úµéÀ» À¯»çÇÑ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ ¾ò´Â ÀÚ·á¿Í ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº, ½ÇÇèÀ» ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀ» Çؼ­ °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¶§¿¡¸¸ ÁöÁö¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
 
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