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ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 12/11/11
2013Çг⵵ ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 30¹ø Çؼ³
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2013³â ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 30¹ø Á¤´ä ¹× Çؼ³ - ¼Û°î´åÄÄ(songgok.com)
 
30. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº?
 
Researchers have suggested that maintaining good social relations depends on two ¨ç complementary processes: being sensitive to the needs of others and being motivated to make amends or pay compensation when a violation does occur. In short, maintaining good social relations depends on the ¨è capacity for guilt. Martin L. Hoffman, who has focused on the guilt that comes from harming others, suggests that the motivational basis for this guilt is empathetic distress. Empathetic distress occurs when people ¨é deny that their actions have caused harm or pain to another person. Motivated by feelings of guilt, they are ¨ê inclined to make amends for their actions. Making amends serves to repair damaged social relations and ¨ë restore group harmony.
 
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
ÁËÃ¥°¨À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¼ÕÇسª °íÅëÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×À½À» ±ú´ÞÀ» ¶§ °íÅëÀÇ °ø°¨ÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨é ¡®deny¡¯´Â ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, realize·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù.
 
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [Researchers have suggested that maintaining good social relations depends on two ¨ç complementary processes: being sensitive to the needs of others and being motivated to make amends or pay compensation when a violation does occur.] 
¡Ømaintaining good social relations:ÁÁÀº »çȸÀû °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °Í  ¡Øbeing sensitive to the needs of others: ŸÀÎÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇØ Áö´Â °Í ¡Øbeing motivated: ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹Þ´Â °Í ¡Ø make amends ¿Í pay compensationÀº motivated to·Î ¿¬°áµÇ´Â º´·Ä°ü°è ¡Øa violation does occur: does´Â °­Á¶ ¡æ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÁÀº °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÎ °¡Áö »óÈ£º¸¿ÏÀûÀÎ °úÁ¤, Áï ŸÀÎÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ °Í°ú À§¹Ý ÇàÀ§°¡ Á¤¸»·Î »ý±â¸é º¸»óÀ̳ª ¹è»óÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹Þ´Â °Í¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¾ð±ÞÇØ¿Ô´Ù.
 
¨è [In short, maintaining good social relations depends on the capacity for guilt. Martin L. Hoffman, (who has focused on the guilt that comes from harming others,) suggests that the motivational basis for this guilt is empathetic distress.]      
¡ØIn short: °£´ÜÈ÷ ¸»ÇÏ¸é ¡Øthe motivational basis for this guilt: ÁËÃ¥°¨¿¡ ´ëÇØ µ¿±â°¡ À¯¹ßµÇ´Â ±â¹Ý ¡Øempathetic distress: °íÅëÀ» °ø°¨ÇÏ´Â °Í ¡æ¿ä¾àÇϸé, ÁÁÀº »çȸÀû °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁËÃ¥°¨¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ë ´É·Â¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. Martin L. HoffmanÀº, ŸÀο¡°Ô Çظ¦ ÀÔÈ÷¸é »ý±â´Â ÁËÃ¥°¨¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃç¿Ô´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÁËÃ¥°¨¿¡ ´ëÇØ µ¿±â°¡ À¯¹ßµÇ´Â ±â¹ÝÀº °íÅëÀÇ °ø°¨À̶ó°í ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù.
 
¨é [Empathetic distress occurs when people realize that their actions have caused harm or pain to another person.]  ¡Øharm or pain:¼ÕÇسª °íÅë ¡æ °íÅëÀÇ °ø°¨Àº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¼ÕÇسª °íÅëÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×À½À» ºÎÀÎÇÒ(¡æ ±ú´ÞÀ») ¶§ »ý±ä´Ù.
 
¨ê [Motivated by feelings of guilt, they are inclined to make amends for their actions. Making amends serves to repair damaged social relations and restore group harmony.]       ¡Ø (Being) motivated by feelings of guilt = When they are motivated by feeling of guilt ¡çºÐ»ç ±¸¹® ¡Øfeelings of guilt: ÁËÃ¥°¨ ¡Øbe inclined to ~Çϱ⠽±´Ù, ~ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù ¡Ødamaged social relations ¼Õ»óµÈ »çȸÀû °ü°è ¡Ørepair¿Í restoreµµ º´·Ä°ü°è ¡æ ÁËÃ¥°¨À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸»óÀ» ÇÏ·Á´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. º¸»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¼Õ»óµÈ »çȸÀû °ü°è¸¦ ȸº¹ÇÏ°í Áý´ÜÀÇ È­ÇÕÀ» º¹¿øÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
 
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*maintain À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù, ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Ù *complementary »óÈ£º¸¿ÏÀûÀÎ, º¸ÃæÇÏ´Â *sensitive ¹Î°¨ÇÑ, ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ *need ¿ä±¸, ÇÊ¿ä *motivate ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Ù, µ¿±â¸¦ ÁÖ´Ù¡æbe motivated Àڱع޴٠*make amends º¸»óÇÏ´Ù *compensation ¹è»ó, º¯»ó *capacity ¼ö¿ë ´É·Â *guilt ÁËÃ¥°¨, ÁËÀÇ½Ä *empathetic °ø°¨ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, °¨Á¤ ÀÌÀÔÀÇ¡æ¨â empathize °¨Á¤ÀÌÀÔÀ» ÇÏ´Ù, °ø°¨ÇÏ´Ù(with)¡æcf) emphasize °­Á¶ÇÏ´Ù *be inclined to ~Çϱ⠽±´Ù, ~ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù *distress °íÅë, ºñź, °í¹Î, ±«·ÓÈ÷´Ù, ½½ÇÁ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù *restore ȸº¹ÇÏ´Ù
 
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÁÀº °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÎ °¡Áö »óÈ£º¸¿ÏÀûÀÎ °úÁ¤, Áï ŸÀÎÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ °Í°ú À§¹Ý ÇàÀ§°¡ Á¤¸»·Î »ý±â¸é º¸»óÀ̳ª ¹è»óÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹Þ´Â °Í¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¾ð±ÞÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ¿ä¾àÇϸé, ÁÁÀº »çȸÀû °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁËÃ¥°¨¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ë ´É·Â¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. Martin L. HoffmanÀº, ŸÀο¡°Ô Çظ¦ ÀÔÈ÷¸é »ý±â´Â ÁËÃ¥°¨¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃç¿Ô´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÁËÃ¥°¨¿¡ ´ëÇص¿±â°¡ À¯¹ßµÇ´Â ±â¹ÝÀº °íÅëÀÇ °ø°¨À̶ó°í ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. °íÅëÀÇ °ø°¨Àº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¼ÕÇسª °íÅëÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×À½À» ºÎÀÎÇÒ(¡æ ±ú´ÞÀ») ¶§ »ý±ä´Ù. ÁËÃ¥°¨À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸»óÀ» ÇÏ·Á´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. º¸»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¼Õ»óµÈ »çȸÀû °ü°è¸¦ ȸº¹ÇÏ°í Áý´ÜÀÇ È­ÇÕÀ» º¹¿øÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
 
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