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  µ¿½ÃÁ¢¼ÓÀÚ:     0146
 
ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 11/12/11
2012Çг⵵ ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 44¹ø Çؼ³
 ±Û¾´ÀÌ : songgok
Á¶È¸ : 7,193  
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2012³â ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 44¹ø Á¤´ä ¹× Çؼ³ ¢Ñ÷ºÎÆÄÀÏÂüÁ¶
 
44. ±ÛÀÇ È帧À¸·Î º¸¾Æ, ÁÖ¾îÁø ¹®ÀåÀÌ µé¾î°¡±â¿¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °÷Àº?
 
[The DNA extracted from these bits of whale skin not only identifies the individuals in the group, but also reveals their relationships to each other.]
 
Sperm whales travel in social groups that cooperate to defend and protect each other, and may even share suckling of calves. ( ¨ç ) It is difficult to determine the membership of these groups from sightings alone, because of the practical difficulties of observing whale behavior, most of which happens underwater. ( ¨è ) To make things even more difficult, sperm whales can travel across entire oceans and can dive to a depth of a kilometer. ( ¨é ) Biologists who study whale behavior generally have to be content with hanging around in boats, waiting for their subjects to surface. ( ¨ê ) But when they do surface, in addition to taking photos which allow individual whales to be identified, biologists can zip over in worryingly small boats and pick up the bits of skin that the whales leave behind on the surface when they re-submerge. ( ¨ë ) This has allowed researchers to describe sperm whale social groups in detail.
 
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
ÁÖ¾îÁø ¹®ÀåÀÇ these bits of whale skinÀº the bits of skinÀ» °¡¸®Å´À¸·Î ¨ë¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÔ.
 
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [Sperm whales travel in social groups that cooperate to defend and protect each other, and may even share suckling of calves.]   ¡Øsperm whale: ÇâÀ¯°í·¡   ¡Øto defend and protect each other:¼­·Î¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇÏ°í º¸È£Çϱâ À§Çؼ­(¸ñÀû)  ¡Øthat:ÁÖ°Ý°ü°è ´ë¸í»ç(¼±Çà»ç´Â social groups)  ¡Øsuckling of calves:»õ³¢ Á¥À» ¸ÔÀÌ´Â °Í(¿©±â¼­ suckling´Â suckÀÇ [»¡´Ù]ÀÇ Àǹ̷Πº¸½Ã¸é ¾È µÇ°í, suckle(Á¥À» ¸ÔÀÌ´Ù)ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π¾Ë°í °è½ÃÁÒ^^) ¶ÇÇÑ calves´Â calf(»õ³¢;¼Û¾ÆÁö)ÀÇ º¹¼öÇüÀÌÁö¸¸, ¿©±â¼± ÇâÀ¯°í·¡ »õ³¢^^¸¦ °¡¸®Å°°í ÀÖÀ½. ÇÑ°¡Áö ´õ!!! cooperate¿Í may even~´Â social groups¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ¹Þ´Â µîÀ§Á¢¼Ó»ç and·Î ¿¬°áµÇ´Â º´·Ä°ü°èÀÓ. ¢ÑÇâÀ¯°í·¡´Â ¼­·Î¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇÏ°í º¸È£Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â »çȸÀû Áý´ÜÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î À̵¿ÇÏ°í, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â »õ³¢ Á¥À» ¸ÔÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» °øÀ¯ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
 
¨è [It is difficult to determine the membership of these groups from sightings alone, because of the practical difficulties of observing whale behavior, most of which happens underwater.]    ¡Øit(°¡ÁÖ¾î), to~(ÁøÁÖ¾î) ¡Øthe membership of these groups:ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áý´ÜÀ̶õ ȸ¿øÀÚ°Ý(Áï, Áý´ÜÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ø). from sightings alone: ´ÜÁö ¸ñ°Ý¸¸À¸·Î.  ¡Øbecause of the practical difficulties of observing whale behavior: °í·¡ÇൿÀ» °üÂûÇÏ´Â ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ¾î·Á¿ò ¶§¹®¿¡  ¡Ømost of which happens underwater = and most of it happens underwater:°í·¡ÀÇ Çൿ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¼öÁß¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Ù. because°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó because of ÀÓ¿¡ ÁÖÀÇ    ¢Ñ°í·¡ÀÇ ÇൿÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ¼öÁß¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® °üÂûÇϱⰡ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î·Æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ´ÜÁö ¸ñ°Ý¸¸À¸·Î ÀÌ Áý´ÜÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øÀ» ¹àÇô³»±â´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù.
 
¨é [To make things even more difficult, sperm whales can travel across entire oceans and can dive to a depth of a kilometer. ]   ¡ØTo make things even more difficult:»óȲ(ÀÏ)À» ÈξÀ ´õ ¾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀº ¡Øeven:ºñ±³±Þ °­Á¶(ÈξÀ:much, still, even, far, a lot) ¡Øtravel across entire oceans:Àü ´ë¾çÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Ù ¡Ødive to a depth of a kilometer:1ų·Î¹ÌÅÍÀÇ ±íÀ̱îÁö Àá¼öÇÏ´Ù   ¢ÑÇâÀ¯°í·¡´Â Àü ´ë¾çÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ À̵¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í 1ų·Î¹ÌÅÍÀÇ ±íÀ̱îÁö Àá¼öÇÒ ¼ö À־ (°¡·Á³»´Â) ÀÏÀº ÈξÀ ´õ ¾î·Á¿öÁø´Ù.
 
¨ê [Biologists who study whale behavior generally have to be content with hanging around in boats, waiting for their subjects to surface.]    ¡Øbe content with:~¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÏ´Ù.(=be satisfied with)   ¡Øhang around in boats:º¸Æ®¸¦ Ÿ°í ÁÖº¯À» µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Ù(hang around:~À» ¼­¼º°Å¸®´Ù)   ¡Øwaiting for their subjects to surface: ±×µéÀÇ °üÂû´ë»óÀÌ ¼ö¸éÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó¿À±â¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®¸é¼­(waitingÀº ºÐ»ç±¸¹® ºÎ´ë»óȲ µ¿½Ãµ¿ÀÛÀÓ)  ¡Øwait for ¨Í to ¨Î: ¨Í°¡ ¨ÎÇϱ⸦ ±â´Ù¸®´Ù. ¡Øsubject ÇǽÇÇèÀÚ(°üÂû´ë»ó), ½ÅÇÏ, ÁÖÁ¦, Á¾¼Ó½ÃÅ°´Ù, Áö¹èÇÏ´Ù, Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â, Á¾¼ÓÇÏ´Â cf) be subject to: ~Çϱ⠽±´Ù.   ¢Ñ°í·¡ÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â »ý¹°ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ °üÂû ´ë»óÀÌ ¼ö¸éÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ±â´Ù¸®¸é¼­ º¸Æ® ¾È¿¡¼­ °Å´Ï´Â °Í¿¡ º¸Åë ¸¸Á·Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
 
¨ë But when they do surface, in addition to taking photos which allow individual whales to be identified, biologists can zip over in worryingly small boats and pick up the bits of skin that the whales leave behind on the surface when they re-submerge.]   ¡Ødo surface: do´Â °­Á¶. ¡Øin addition to~ing:~¿Ü¿¡µµ, ~»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó. ¡Øtake photos:»çÁøÀ» Âï´Ù(take a photo) ¡Øallow individual whales to be identified: °³º°°í·¡µéÀ» È®ÀÏ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ´Â(°³º° °í·¡µéÀÌ È®À뵃 ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çã¶ôÇØÁÖ´Â:which´Â ÁÖ°Ý°ü°è´ë¸í»ç) ¡Øzip over: ~À» ºü¸£°Ô À̵¿ÇÏ´Ù(Áö³ª°¡´Ù)  ¡Øworryingly:°ÆÁ¤ÀÌ µÉ ¸¸Å­ ¡Øpick up the bits of skin:ÇǺÎÀÇ Á¶°¢µéÀ» ÁÖ¿ö ´ã´Ù  ¡Øthe bits of skin that the whales leave behind on the surface:°í·¡µéÀÌ ¼ö¸é¿¡ ³²°Ü µÐ ÇǺÎÀÇ Á¶°¢µé(thatÀº ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç/¼±Çà»ç´Â the bits of skin)  ¡Øwhen they re-submerge: ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ´Ù½Ã Àá¼öÇÒ ¶§.
 
¢Ñ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¼ö¸éÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó¿Ã ¶§, »ý¹°ÇÐÀÚµéÀº °³º° °í·¡µéÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØ ÁÖ´Â »çÁøÀ» ÃÔ¿µÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ì·ÁµÇ´Â ÀÛÀº º¸Æ®¸¦ Ÿ°í Àçºü¸£°Ô ³ª¾Æ°¡¼­ °í·¡µéÀÌ ´Ù½Ã Àá¼öÇÒ ¶§, Ç¥¸é¿¡ ³²°Ü µÐ ÇǺÎÀÇ Á¶°¢µéÀ» ÁÖ¿ö ´ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
 
¨ì [The DNA (which is) extracted from these bits of whale skin not only identifies the individuals in the group, but also reveals their relationships to each other.]   ¡Øextract:ÃßÃâÇÏ´Ù, »Ì´Ù. ¡Øbits of~:ÇÏÂúÀº, Á¶±×¸¶ÇÑ ¡Øbits of whale skin:°í·¡ ÇǺΠÁ¶°¢ ¡ØÁÖ¾î:The DNA ¡Øµ¿»ç:identifies/reveals ¡Ønot only¨Íbut also¨Î = not merely ¨Í but also¨Î = ¨Îas well as¨Í = in addition to~ing/¸í»ç: ¨Í»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¨Î. ¡Øtheir relationships to each other:¼­·Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ °ü°è Ç×»ó °­Á¶ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±¸¹®ÀÌ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ÕÀú ²À ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀº [ÁÖ¾î/µ¿»ç]¸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù. ¿µ¾îÀÇ ¸ÆÀº [ÁÖ¾î/µ¿»ç]ÀÇ ÆÄ¾Ç ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡ ¸í½ÉÇϽðí.^^   ¢ÑÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °í·¡ÀÇ ÇǺΠÁ¶°¢¿¡¼­ ÃßÃâÇÑ DNA´Â Áý´Ü¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °³º° °³Ã¼µéÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼­·Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ µå·¯³»±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °í·¡ÀÇ ÇǺΠÁ¶°¢¿¡¼­ ÃßÃâÇÑ DNA´Â Áý´Ü¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °³º° °³Ã¼µéÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼­·Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ µå·¯³»±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù.
 
¨í [This has allowed researchers to describe sperm whale social groups in detail.] ¡Øsperm whale social groups:ÇâÀ¯°í·¡ÀÇ »çȸÁý´Ü. ¡Øin detail:ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°Ô   ¢ÑÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÇâÀ¯°í·¡ÀÇ »çȸ Áý´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
 
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*extract ÃßÃâÇÏ´Ù, »Ì´Ù *bits of whale skin °í·¡ÀÇ ÇǺÎÁ¶°¢ *identify ½Å¿øÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù *reveal µå·¯³»´Ù *suckle Á¥À» ¸ÔÀÌ´Ù *calf »õ³¢ *cooperate:Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Ù *sighting °üÂû, ¸ñ°Ý *practical ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ, ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ *biologist »ý¹°ÇÐÀÚ *zip over Àçºü¸£°Ô ³ª¾Æ°¡´Ù *re-submerge ´Ù½Ã Àá¼öÇÏ´Ù *be content with ~¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÏ´Ù *hang around °Å´Ò´Ù, ¼­¼º°Å¸®´Ù *subject ÇǽÇÇèÀÚ(°üÂû´ë»ó), ½ÅÇÏ, ÁÖÁ¦, Á¾¼Ó½ÃÅ°´Ù, Áö¹èÇÏ´Ù, Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â, Á¾¼ÓÇÏ´Â cf) be subject to: ~Çϱ⠽±´Ù * in addition to ~¿Ü¿¡µµ, ~ÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó *leave behind: ~À» µÎ°í ¶°³ª´Ù, ÀØÀº ä µÎ°í °¡´Ù.
 
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
ÇâÀ¯°í·¡´Â ¼­·Î¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇÏ°í º¸È£Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â »çȸÀû Áý´ÜÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î À̵¿ÇÏ°í, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â »õ³¢ Á¥À» ¸ÔÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» °øÀ¯ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. °í·¡ÀÇ ÇൿÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ¼öÁß¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® °üÂûÇϱⰡ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î·Æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ´ÜÁö ¸ñ°Ý¸¸À¸·Î ÀÌ Áý´ÜÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øÀ» ¹àÇô³»±â´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù. ÇâÀ¯°í·¡´Â Àü ´ë¾çÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ À̵¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í 1ų·Î¹ÌÅÍÀÇ ±íÀ̱îÁö Àá¼öÇÒ ¼ö À־ (°¡·Á³»´Â) ÀÏÀº ÈξÀ ´õ ¾î·Á¿öÁø´Ù. °í·¡ÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â »ý¹°ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ °üÂû ´ë»óÀÌ ¼ö¸éÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ±â´Ù¸®¸é¼­ º¸Æ® ¾È¿¡¼­ °Å´Ï´Â °Í¿¡ º¸Åë ¸¸Á·Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¼ö¸éÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó¿Ã ¶§, »ý¹°ÇÐÀÚµéÀº °³º° °í·¡µéÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØ ÁÖ´Â »çÁøÀ» ÃÔ¿µÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ì·ÁµÇ´Â ÀÛÀº º¸Æ®¸¦ Ÿ°í Àçºü¸£°Ô ³ª¾Æ°¡¼­ °í·¡µéÀÌ ´Ù½Ã Àá¼öÇÒ ¶§, Ç¥¸é¿¡ ³²°Ü µÐÇǺÎÀÇ Á¶°¢µéÀ» ÁÖ¿ö ´ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °í·¡ÀÇ ÇǺΠÁ¶°¢¿¡¼­ ÃßÃâÇÑ DNA´Â Áý´Ü¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °³º° °³Ã¼µéÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼­·Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ µå·¯³»±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÇâÀ¯°í·¡ÀÇ »çȸ Áý´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
 
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