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  µ¿½ÃÁ¢¼ÓÀÚ:     0112
 
ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 11/11/19
2012Çг⵵ ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 28¹ø Çؼ³
 ±Û¾´ÀÌ : songgok
Á¶È¸ : 5,248  


 2012³â ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 28¹ø Çؼ³ - ¼Û°î´åÄÄ(songgok.com)
 
28. ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À.
 
Although there are numerous explanations for the fall of the Roman empire, the deeper cause lies in the declining fertility of its soil and the decrease in agricultural yields. -Italy was densely forested at the beginning of Roman rule. By the end of the Roman Imperium, however, Italy had been stripped of forest cover. The timber was sold on the open market and the soil converted to crops and pastureland. The cleared soil was rich in minerals and nutrients and provided substantial production yields. Unfortunately, deforestation left the soil exposed to harsh weather. Wind blew across the barren landscapes and water ran down from the mountaintops and slopes, taking the soil with them. Overgrazing of livestock resulted in further deterioration of the soil. Consequently, Rome¡¯ ___________________ could not provide sufficient energy to maintain its infrastructure and the welfare of its citizens.
 
¨ç dense forests ¨è climate changes  ¨é irrigation system ¨ê declining population  ¨ë agricultural production
 
 
1.³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
·Î¸¶ ÅëÄ¡ ¸»±â¿¡´Â »ê¸² ¹úä·Î Åä¾çÀÌ ¼Ò½ÇµÇ°í Áö³ªÄ£ ¹æ¸ñÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÅäÁú ¾ÇÈ­°¡ ´õ ½ÉÈ­µÇ¾î, ³ó¾÷ »ý»êÀÌ ·Î¸¶¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±Û µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®³ó¾÷»ý»ê¡¯ÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÔ.
 
2.±¸¹®Çؼ³
[Italy had been stripped of forest cover] = [people had stripped italy of forest cover.]
[deforestation left the soil exposed to harsh weather]
*°ú°Å¿Ï·á ¼öµ¿ À¯ÀÇ *stripe A of B : A¿¡¼­ ¸¦ ¹þ°Ü³»´Ù
* leave ¸ñÀû¾î ºÐ»ç :~À» ~»óÅ·Π³õÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù(Åä¾àÀÌ ³ëÃâµÈ°ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¼öµ¿ÇüÀ» ½èÀ½¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇϼ¼¿ä.
 
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
* numerous:´Ù¼öÀÇ, ¼ö¸¹Àº *explanation:¼³¸í *the fall of the Roman empire: ·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹ÀÇ ¸ê¸Á *lies in: ~¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù, ~¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Ù(consist in) *decline: ¼èÅðÇÏ´Ù, °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Ù * declining: °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â * fertility:ºñ¿Á, ±â¸§Áü (fertile:±â¸§Áø) *yield »êÃâ, ¼öÈ®·® * densely:¹ÐÁýÇÑ, Á¶¹ÐÇÑ, »ª»ªÇÑ *forest: ½£, Á¶¸²ÇÏ´Ù, ½£À» °¡²Ù´Ù *imperium ÁÖ±Ç, ÅëÄ¡±Ç *timber:¸ñÀç strip ¹þ±â´Ù * strip ¨Í of ¨Î: ¨Í¿¡¼­ ¨Î¸¦ ¹þ±â´Ù *convert ¹Ù²î´Ù *pastureland ¸ñÀå, ¸ñÃÊÁö *clear (ÅäÁö µûÀ§¸¦) °³°£ÇÏ´Ù *be rich in:~ÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÏ´Ù *substantial:»ó´çÇÑ ¾çÀÇ, ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ, ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ *production yields: ³óÀÛ¹° »êÃâ *deforestation »ê¸²¹úä cf)deforest:»ê¸²À» ¹úäÇÏ´Ù *expose ¨Í to ¨Î: ¨Í¸¦ ¨Î¿¡ ³ëÃâ½ÃÅ°´Ù(be exposed to:~¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ´Ù) *harsh:³ÃȤÇÑ *barren (¶¥ÀÌ) ¸Þ¸¶¸¥ *deterioration:¾ÇÈ­(deteriorate:¾ÇÈ­½ÃÅ°´Ù, ¾ÇÈ­ÇÏ´Ù) *slope:°æ»ç¸é *Overgraze: °úµµ ¹æ¸ñÇÏ´Ù *livestock:°¡Ãà·ù *result in:°á±¹ ~ÀÌ µÇ´Ù(result from:~¿¡¼­ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Ù) *irrigation : °ü°³ *infrastructure:±â¹Ý, ±¸Á¶, Á¶Á÷ *sufficient:ÃæºÐÇÑ
 
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹ÀÇ ¸ê¸Á(The fall of the Roman empire)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¸¹Àº ¼³¸íµé(numerous explanations)ÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ´õ ±íÀº ¿øÀÎ(the deeper cause)Àº Åä¾çÀÇ ºñ¿ÁÇÔÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé°í(he declining fertility of its soil) ³óÀÛ¹°ÀÇ »êÃâÀÌ °¨¼Ò(the decrease in agricultural yields)ÇÑ µ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Áö¹è°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§(at the beginning of Roman rule) ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ´Â ½£ÀÌ »ª»ªÇÏ¿´´Ù(Italy was densely forested) ±×·¯³ª ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ÅëÄ¡ ¸»±â¿¡´Â(By the end of the Roman Imperium), ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¸¦ µ¤°í ÀÖ´ø »ï¸²ÀÌ ¹úäµÇ¾ú´Ù(Italy had been stripped of forest cover). ¸ñÀç°¡ ÀÏ¹Ý ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ ÆǸŵǾú°í, (»ê¸²ÀÌ ¹úäµÈ) ±× ¶¥Àº ³ó°æÁö¿Í ¸ñÃÊÁö(crops and pastureland)·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù(converted). °³°£µÈ Åä¾çÀº(The cleared soil) ¹Ì³×¶ö°ú ¿µ¾çºÐÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÏ¿´°í »ó´çÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ³óÀÛ¹°À» »êÃâ(substantial production yields.)ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À¯°¨½º·´°Ôµµ, »ê¸² ¹úä´Â Åä¾çÀÌ °ÅÄ£ ³¯¾¾¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ°Ô(exposed to harsh weather) Çß´Ù. ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ¸Þ¸¶¸¥ dz°æÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ºÒ¾ú°í, ¹°Àº »ê²À´ë±â¿Í »êºñÅ»·ÎºÎÅÍ Èê·¯³»¸®¸ç ÈëÀ» ¾µ¾î°¡ ¹ö·È´Ù(taking the soil with them). °¡ÃàÀ» Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¹æ¸ñ(Overgrazing of livestock)ÇÑ °á°ú ÅäÁú ¾ÇÈ­(further deterioration of the soil.)°¡ ´õ ½ÉÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× °á°ú, ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ³ó¾÷ »ý»ê(agricultural production)Àº ·Î¸¶ÀÇ »çȸ ±â¹Ý(its infrastructure)°ú ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÇ º¹Áö(the welfare of its citizens)¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
 
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